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What is the Fitzpatrick Scale?

The Fitzpatrick Scale: Understanding Your Skin Type - The Tanning Shop

he Fitzpatrick scale, introduced by dermatologist Dr. Thomas B. Fitzpatrick in 1975, is a globally recognised system used to classify skin types based on how they react to ultraviolet (UV) exposure. It’s widely used in dermatology, aesthetics, and skin care to assess risk factors, recommend appropriate treatments, and tailor sun safety advice.

It’s also very useful for anyone wanting to better understand their skin sensitivity, tanning potential, and how to protect themselves, especially when using sunbeds or exploring light-based therapies like red light treatment.

 

The Six Skin Types of the Fitzpatrick Scale

The scale is divided into six distinct skin types, ranging from very fair (Type I) to deeply pigmented (Type VI). Each type responds differently to sunlight, which means your skin care and sun exposure habits should be tailored to your type.

 

Type I – Very Fair / Pale White Skin

  • Typical Traits: Often red or blonde hair, blue or green eyes, freckles
  • Sun Response: Always burns, never tans
  • Common Characteristics: Very high sensitivity to UV. This skin type requires extra sun protection—think SPF 50+, staying in the shade, and avoiding sunbeds altogether.

    Consider reading: What to wear on a sunbed (especially if you’re considering it despite high skin sensitivity)
    Better alternative? Red light therapy benefits – safe, non-UV exposure for fair skin.

 

 

Type II – Fair Skin

  • Typical Traits: Blonde or light brown hair, blue, green, or hazel eyes
  • Sun Response: Usually burns, tans minimally
  • Common Characteristics: Still prone to sunburn, though slightly more resilient than Type I. Consistent SPF use is essential, especially when tanning outdoors or indoors.

 

 

Type III – Light Olive / Medium Skin

  • Typical Traits: Darker hair and eyes, often Mediterranean background
  • Sun Response: Burns moderately, tans gradually and evenly
  • Common Characteristics: More balanced sun response, but UV damage is still possible over time. Sunscreen and skin care are important for long-term health.

 

 

Type IV – Olive or Light Brown Skin

  • Typical Traits: Dark hair and eyes
  • Sun Response: Burns minimally, tans easily
  • Common Characteristics: Generally tans well with lower burn risk. However, UV protection is still advised, especially to avoid hyperpigmentation or premature ageing.

 

 

Type V – Brown / Dark Brown Skin

  • Typical Traits: Dark hair and eyes
  • Sun Response: Rarely burns, tans deeply and quickly
  • Common Characteristics: While burning is uncommon, UV damage can still occur. Daily SPF helps protect against pigmentation issues and maintains even skin tone.

 

 

Type VI – Deeply Pigmented / Very Dark Skin

  • Typical Traits: Deep brown to black skin, dark eyes and hair
  • Sun Response: Never burns, always tans
  • Common Characteristics: Lowest sensitivity to sun, but sun protection is still necessary to reduce long-term damage and maintain healthy skin.

 

 

Why Knowing Your Skin Type Matters

Knowing your Fitzpatrick skin type can help you:

  • Choose the right SPF level and skincare products
  • Understand your risk of sunburn or long-term sun damage
  • Make informed decisions around sunbed use or UV-free treatments like red light therapy
  • Personalise your skincare routine for better results and protection

Whether you’re planning your next holiday, thinking about indoor tanning, or exploring new treatments, understanding your skin type is a simple but powerful step toward healthier skin.